Basic Islamic sciences aim to solve the problems that society faces in religious matters and to enlighten people on this subject. In addition, it aims to contribute to society by taking into account the current issues and the needs of the age in the research conducted. The aim of our program is to introduce the rich literature on Islamic sciences and to provide students with a broader perspective by benefiting from both classical Islamic methods and modern methodologies in the field of social sciences today. In addition, it is to transfer information and data based on basic resources and generated within methodological processes to the society and to prevent malicious groups from exploiting religious content for their own benefit.
The main branches of science in the department are as follows:
Tafsir
This is the branch of science that deals with the history of the Quran, the fundamental source of Islam, the literature that emerged as a result of examining this source from different perspectives and can be gathered under the main heading of "Quranic Sciences", the methods and procedures for better understanding and interpreting the Quran, and the accumulation of tafsir that has formed throughout history with an analytical approach. The courses of this branch of science aim to examine the historical process of Quranic spelling, the principles of correct reading of the Quran in theory and practice, the principles of interpreting it in a healthy way, the main topics covered by the Quran, the history of the formation and development of the science of tafsir in Muslim societies, the works formed during this process, the contemporary methods and problems of the science of tafsir, and also the main Quranic studies carried out in today's Islamic world and orientalist scientific circles. In order to achieve these goals, in addition to Quran Reading and Tajweed, the undergraduate program offers courses such as History and Methodology of Tafsir, Early Period Tafsir Texts, Scientific Tafsir, History of the Quran, Main Topics of the Quran, Quran Recitation Styles, Criticism of Tafsir Texts, Contemporary Tafsir Problems, Thematic Tafsir, Quran Semantics, Recent Tafsir Texts, Quran Translation Techniques, Concise Tafsir, Quran Recitation, Quran Text Analysis, Texts on Tafsir Methodology, Pioneer Tafsir Scholars, Ottoman Period Tafsir Scholars, Translation Readings, Contemporary Approaches to the Quran, Maqam Quran Reading and Lexical Tafsir.
Hadith
It is the branch of science that examines the hadith texts, which constitute the written information and documents of the Sunnah, which is accepted as the second fundamental source of the Islamic religion after the Quran, in terms of chain of narration, text and content within the framework of the rules of hadith methodology, taking into account the historical process they have gone through, and tries to make current interpretations of them. It aims to present the hadith texts, which consist of the words, deeds and confessions of the Prophet Muhammad, with full originality, by using the scientific purposes, tools and methods of this field, in order to base the thought and behavior examples that Muslims as individuals and as a society will need in practical life on authentic and solid sunnah data. In order to achieve this goal, our Faculty offers the following courses in undergraduate programs: Hadith, History and Methodology of Hadith, Moral Hadiths, Knowledge of the Companions, Contemporary Interpretations on Hadith and Sunnah, Hadith in the Ottoman Empire, Pioneer Hadith Scholars, Readings of Sunan Tirmidhi, Hz. The Prophet's Diagram, Modern Period Hadith Studies, Contemporary Hadith Problems, Hadith Review, Sahih Muslim Readings are taught in courses such as.
History of Islamic Sects
Sects, which we can call the schools of thought in the political, theological and practical fields of Islam, are human formations that have emerged as a result of the institutionalization of differences regarding the way religion is understood. Political, social, economic, historical, cultural, geographical and similar reasons have led to some differences in the understanding of religion. The institutionalization of these differences within a certain process, the systematic nature of the views and the deep impact on the socio-cultural structure, and the beginning of the production of ideas in order to support and substantiate the basic arguments in the formed environment have brought us the phenomenon of sects. The History of Islamic Sects is a branch of science that examines these human formations, which are the schools of thought of Islam that have come into being with political and theological purposes, with scientific methods. The History of Islamic Sects is a branch of science that brings together all Islamic understandings and ideas, and examines the sects as they are. It examines and introduces each sect according to its own sources and claims. Therefore, it adopts an objective approach while explaining the views of the sects. The History of Islamic Sects tries to reveal how the sects that existed in the past or the sects and contemporary Islamic movements that exist today understand Islam, and reveals the history of the ideas defended by the sects, their political and social foundations. In this way, the points of disagreement between the sects are clarified, and perhaps unnecessary hostilities give way to friendship and common understanding.
Islamic Law
The Department of Islamic Law, which deals with the provisions of the Islamic religion regarding individual and social life, the legal thought and experience that have developed throughout history around these provisions with a comparative and analytical approach, aims to introduce the practical aspect of a person's obligations towards Allah, the formation and development process of law in Muslim societies, the legal tradition in terms of doctrine and practice, the methods followed in reaching religious-legal provisions, the philosophical foundations of the provisions in the field of worship and law, as well as modern legal thought and the basic concepts and theories of this field. For this purpose, courses such as Fiqh, Usul of Fiqh, Introduction to Islamic Law, General Principles of Fiqh, History of Islamic Law, Classical Fiqh Texts, Fiqh Sources in the Quran, Verses of Jurisprudence, Islamic Principles of Worship, Classical Usul of Fiqh Texts, Ottoman Legal Order, Fiqh and Economics, Ijtihad Thought in Islamic Legal Methodology, Islamic Inheritance Law, Legislative Wisdom, Contemporary Fiqh Problems, Beginning of Law, Ihya Readings: Mysteries of Worship and Islamic Human Rights and Democracy are taught in undergraduate programs.
Theology
Theology is a science that deals with the supreme Being, namely Allah, the qualities of His essence in terms of existence and His relationship with beings other than Him. With this structure, Kalam expresses the understanding of faith expressed in the Quran with the concept of monotheism in the theological reality that emerged with the Islamic revelation and the efforts to rationally establish other faith issues systematized as “Divinity”, “Prophethood” and “Mead” in Islam. In addition, Kalam aims to reveal religious beliefs based on definitive evidence and eliminate doubts in minds about them, as it has throughout its history. Another issue that stands before Kalam, but the extent to which it is interested is debatable, is its interest in social problems. Kalam’s targeting of God and the divine and seeing dealing with God as the basis of being an honorable science has weakened its connection with man and the humane. The social problems that have remained weak within the historical dynamics of Kalam are being tried to be made a fundamental area of interest in the Kalam Department of our Faculty. In this context, themes such as Human (Society), History, and Nature are defined as the basic relevant areas of theology. Within the framework of the current curriculum, Theology is taught at the undergraduate level under the names of “Systematic Theology”, “History of Theology” and “Contemporary Theology Problems”. In the Systematic Theology course, classical theology topics are given comparatively based on the Mu’tazila, Ash’ari and Maturidi theology systems. In the “History of Theology” course, the historical development of theology, the social, cultural and intellectual dynamics in which theological views emerged are taken into account and the structural relationship between Theology and history is revealed. In the “Contemporary Theology Problems” course, contemporary theology problems such as Reincarnation, Satanism, Stem Cell, Religion-Science Relationship, Religion-Politics Relationship and Atheism are discussed.
Sufism
Sufism is a science that deals with the connection of man with his creator and his spiritual world. As a department, while conducting our research, the aim is to meet such spiritual needs of people and to solve these needs on the basis of a healthy understanding of religion. We believe that it is necessary to benefit from all sub-disciplines of religion and all human sciences in order to achieve this goal. History of Sufism examines Sufi movements that are a part of Turkish culture from a historical perspective. This field in particular introduces the universal thoughts of Sufis who guide all humanity, such as Mevlana, Yunus Emre, Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli, who are considered the cornerstones of our culture, to today's people. Themes such as peace, love, brotherhood, tolerance, which are almost always needed by modern people and also addressed by the aforementioned Sufis, are handled and efforts are made to reflect them in the religious life of the people of our country. On the other hand, scientific-academic research is being conducted on Sufism, which constitutes the deep aspect of religious life, and publications are being published so that our people do not fall into situations that contradict the fundamental values of religion. In addition, in this department, the phases of Sufism, which has been effective in all areas of Turkish culture and has affected our intellectual life in almost every area, are examined and evaluated from a contemporary perspective. The studies conducted in this department are explained to young theologians and contribute to their learning of religion and religious culture correctly and reaching healthy syntheses.
Arabic Language and Rhetoric
In order to directly understand the basic sources of the Islamic religion, to be able to examine the classical and modern works written in the fields of Basic Islamic Sciences and cultural history, first of all, the most important source language, Arabic, is taught, and also to understand the concepts and linguistic subtleties in these works, and to know the various disciplines belonging to this language, especially those collected under the name of rhetoric, this department tries to teach Arabic as a language and grammar with modern scientific methods and contemporary tools and equipment. For this purpose, Arabic Grammar, Arabic Grammar, Arabic Reading-Comprehension, Arabic Oral and Written Expression, Arabic Listening and Expression are taught in Arabic Preparatory Education; and at the undergraduate level, Arabic Language and Literature, Classical Arabic Literature Texts, Arabic Classical Texts, Modern Arabic Literature Texts, Arabic Language Rhetoric, Media Arabic, Arabic Text Analysis, Arabic Turkish Translation Techniques, Literary Arts in Arabic are taught.
Reading and Recitation of the Holy Quran
The science of Recitation, which deals with different readings of Quranic words in order to read the Holy Quran in accordance with its rules, and the recognition of different recitations, theoretical information on the phonetics of the letters of the Quran, as well as the practice of memorizing some surahs, and the understanding of basic information on the content and subject distribution of the Quran. It aims to provide the necessary skills for students who are starting their professional life to be able to read the Quran beautifully and in accordance with their education. In addition, the introduction of different recitations related to reading the Quran and the differences in reading are taught. The jurisprudential and, if any, theological dimensions of the different meanings brought about by these differences in reading are touched upon.